NGC 7331 is a large, unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus, located roughly 39-40 million light-years away and often cited as one of the closest visual analogs to our own Milky Way in overall size and structure.

NGC 7331
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NGC 7331 is a large, unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus, located roughly 39-40 million light-years away and often cited as one of the closest visual analogs to our own Milky Way in overall size and structure. Discovered by William Herschel in 1784, it is inclined steeply to our line of sight, showing an elongated disk, a prominent central bulge, and a dust lane along one edge; unusually, its bulge is known to rotate in the opposite direction to its outer disk. NGC 7331 anchors a loose foreground grouping nicknamed the Deer Lick Group, sharing the field with several much fainter, far more distant background galaxies (NGC 7335, 7336, 7337, and 7340) that appear nearby only by chance alignment. It is a popular wide-field target alongside the more distant compact cluster known as Stephan's Quintet, roughly half a degree away.

[Source: Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7331; Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_7331_Group]

Total image time was 57 minutes.

Moon PhaseFirst Quarter
CameraSeestar S50 Pro (4K Sony IMX585 sensor)
Optics260 mm focal length, f/5.2, 50 mm aperture
FilterIRCUT
Binning1x1
StackingStackingWizard, 57 frames
Date2026-09-18
AstroWizard Processing
Crop (x2)
GraXpert background extraction (0.5)
Flatten sky background
Color calibration
BlurXTerminator (0.3)
NoiseXTerminator (linear, 0.6) (x2)
Stretch (deep)
Stretch (deep) (starless)
Star removal (StarXTerminator)
Darken background (x3)
Saturation adjustment
Contrast (pop) adjustment
NoiseXTerminator (non-linear, 0.6)
Star recombination (screen blend)