Constellations: Corvus, Crux, Musca, Orion
Galaxies: 
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC)
Nebula: Coalsack
Clusters: Omega Centauri
Planet: Venus
Messier Object: M42 (Orion Nebula), M45 (Pleaides)
Locatednot observed:  M45 (Pleaides)

Location: San Pedro de Atacama, Chile @ SPACE Lodge
Date: 2018-04-09
Time: 8:00 PM - 10:15 PM EST
Instrument: Visual + Binoculars 10x42 IS + TeleVue 60 with 8 mm eyepiece
Transparency: Very Good (4)
Seeing: Very Good (4)
Temperature: 8º C - 4º C

Light wind, no clouds, no flies.

After supper, we had a private tour of Alain’s telescope field. Melody and Dave didn’t feel perfectly well but Jerry and I had altitude sickness meds and felt fine. Alain (Owner of the SPACE Lodge) introduced us to the Southern Hemisphere skies and provided our first viewing of some of the southern wonders overhead. I was amazed at the size of the Coalsack – about 7° x 5° in the sky! Dave also explained how to find the globular cluster Omega Centauri (aka NGC 5139) – the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way. Melody gave us a Southern Hemisphere Star Chart that Bruce had found online. Came in handy throughout the trip. I became chilled so headed back to our lodge to get warmer clothes but decided instead to just go to bed. Lights out at 10:30 PM.

Venus
Time: 8:09 PM EST 
Venus Set: 8:35 PM EST
Instrument: Visual
Venus (in Aries) was observed every evening we stayed in the Atacama Desert. We saw it as it began its descent towards the horizon.

Orion
Time: 8:35 PM EST 
Instrument: Visual
S&T Chart Reference: 14, 16, B
Orion stars were located but the Hunter was lying on his side with his sword pointing upwards. Quite a different look from what we see "up north". M42 was still as bright as ever and easily identified.

Coalsack Nebula
Time: 9:15 PM EST 

Instrument: Visual
S&T Chart Reference: 49, 50
You can't miss this nebula below Crux - it's massive, covering an area of 7º x 5º in the sky! Consists of thick clouds of dust and gas - the perfect materials for star formation. It is very dark. I will have to use binoculars next time to see what I can see.

   

Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) / PGC 17223 / Nubecular Major
Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) / PGC 3085 / Nubecual Minor

Time: 9:19 PM EST 
Instrument: Visual
S&T Chart Reference: 10, 20, 30
The SMC was ~ 20º below the LMC at about 6:30 o'clock. The LMC and SMC are irregular galaxies that look more like nebula at first glance.

LMC:
Magnitude: 0.9
Size: 10.75º x 9.17º and contains a very prominent warped bar at its centre with a spiral arm tipped at 35º
4th largest Galaxy in the Local Group after M31, Milky Way and M33 (Triangulum Galaxy)

SMC:
Magnitude: 2.7
Size: 5º 20' x 3º 5' and contains a central bar structure (that may have once been a barred dwarf spiral galaxy).

 

PM45 (Pleiades)
Time: 9:30 PM 
Instrument: Visual + Binoculars 
S&T Chart Reference: 14, 15, A

Located this open cluster visually. It was very bright using the binoculars; the stars and nebulosity were fairly clear in the FOV. I didn't sketch it this time but hope to in the near future.

Crux / Southern Cross
Time: 10:10 PM EST 
Instrument: Visual
S&T Chart Reference: 38, 49, 50
Amazing to see Crux for the first time! So clearly visible even though it's the smallest of the 88 constellations.

Stars of Crux:
- Acrux (α Crucis): Blue white double star, 4.4 arc second separation. 14th brightest in the sky. 
Magnitude 1.4 & 1.9
- Mimosa / Becrux (β Crucis): White star. 20th brightest star in the sky. Magnitude 1.30
- Gacrux (γ Crucis): Red Giant belonging to the spectral class M4III. 26th brightest star in the sky. Magnitude 6.4
- Imai (δ Crucis): β Cephei type variable star. Magnitude 2.775

 

 

Omega Centauri / NGC 5139 (in Centaurus)
Time: 10:16 PM EST

Instrument: Visual + Binoculars + TeleVue 60
S&T Chart Reference: 48, 49, 59
Omega Centauri, a globular cluster in Centaurus, is the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way and is easily seen naked eye. The core of the cluster is very tight and almost looked like a solid body. The outer edges of the cluster were still quite compact with many, many stars near the tight core - all in all, quite a compact and bright cluster.

 

How to Find Omega Centauri:
1- Locate α Centauri and β Centauri, and the distance between them.
2- Visually go up from there an equal distance.
3- The go about 60º using the same length from that previous point.
4 - Et voilá!

Corvus
Time: not recorded

Instrument: Visual
S&T Chart Reference: 47
Although I had first seen this constellation in Florida, it was much higher in the sky in Chile.

Stars of Corvus:
Gienah: Brightest at mag 2.6, blue-white giant.
Algorab: wide binary system at mag 3 & 8
Alchiba: 5th brightest star even though it has the alpha designation.

   

Musca ("the fly")
Time: 9:45 PM EST
Instrument: Visual
S&T Chart Reference: 50
This constellation was pointed out during the general tour of the night sky by Alain. Fairly close to the Coalsack Nebula and Crux. Interesting that 3 of its stars have planets.

Musca Stars:
- α Muscae: blue-white star with mag 2.7
- β Muscae: Binary star system composed of 2 blue-white main sequence stars
- γ Muscae (tail of the fly): blue-white star that varies between mag 3.84-3.86 over 2.7 days
- ζ2 Muscae: white main sequence star. Part of a triple star system with faint companions at 0.5 and 32.4 arc seconds distance.
- η Muscae: Multiple star system, 2 main components forming an eclipsing binary with mag 4.77 that dips by 0.05 mag every 2.39 days.
- δ Muscae: orange giant at mag 3.62
- ε Muscae: red giant and semi-regular variable. Mag 3.99-4.31 over 40 days
- μ Muscae: orange giant mag 4.7.1-4.76; slow irregular variable
- λ Muscae: 3rd brightest star in the constellation; white main sequence star

 

 

 

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  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM lb8l6_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN lb8l6_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN lb8l6_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN lb8l6_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN lb8l6_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform ORDER BY a.ordering ASC662μs20.3KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:164Copy
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  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `lb8l6_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `lb8l6_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`318μs18.92KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT r.* FROM lb8l6_rereplacer AS r WHERE r.published = 1 AND (r.area = 'component') ORDER BY r.ordering, r.id171μs16.31KB/plugins/system/rereplacer/src/Items.php:95Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`id`,`m`.`title`,`m`.`module`,`m`.`position`,`m`.`content`,`m`.`showtitle`,`m`.`params`,`mm`.`menuid` FROM `lb8l6_modules` AS `m` LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_modules_menu` AS `mm` ON `mm`.`moduleid` = `m`.`id` LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_extensions` AS `e` ON `e`.`element` = `m`.`module` AND `e`.`client_id` = `m`.`client_id` WHERE ( ( (`m`.`published` = 1 AND `e`.`enabled` = 1 AND `m`.`client_id` = :clientId AND `m`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)) AND (`m`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`m`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `m`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown)) AND (`mm`.`menuid` = :itemId OR `mm`.`menuid` <= 0) ORDER BY `m`.`position`,`m`.`ordering`288μs18.44KBParams/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:51Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `lb8l6_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 1393μs16.13KB/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
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  • SELECT MONTH(`created`) AS created_month,MIN(`created`) AS created,YEAR(`created`) AS created_year FROM `lb8l6_content` AS `c` WHERE `c`.`state` = 2 GROUP BY YEAR(`c`.`created`), MONTH(`c`.`created`) ORDER BY YEAR(`c`.`created`) DESC, MONTH(`c`.`created`) DESC LIMIT 10183μs16.16KB/modules/mod_articles_archive/src/Helper/ArticlesArchiveHelper.php:69Copy
  • SELECT `t`.`id` FROM `lb8l6_tags` AS `t` INNER JOIN `lb8l6_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :prefix AND `m`.`content_item_id` IN (:preparedArray1)243μs17.2KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:503Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`core_content_id`,`m`.`content_item_id`,`m`.`type_alias`,COUNT( `tag_id`) AS `count`,`ct`.`router`,`cc`.`core_title`,`cc`.`core_alias`,`cc`.`core_catid`,`cc`.`core_language`,`cc`.`core_params` FROM `lb8l6_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `lb8l6_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` INNER JOIN `lb8l6_ucm_content` AS `cc` ON `m`.`core_content_id` = `cc`.`core_content_id` INNER JOIN `lb8l6_content_types` AS `ct` ON `m`.`type_alias` = `ct`.`type_alias` WHERE ( ( ( (`m`.`tag_id` IN (:preparedArray1) AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3) AND `cc`.`core_state` = 1) AND (`cc`.`core_access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5) OR `cc`.`core_access` = 0)) AND (`m`.`content_item_id` <> :currentId OR `m`.`type_alias` <> :prefix)) AND (`cc`.`core_publish_up` IS NULL OR `cc`.`core_publish_up` = :nullDateUp OR `cc`.`core_publish_up` <= :nowDateUp)) AND (`cc`.`core_publish_down` IS NULL OR `cc`.`core_publish_down` = :nullDateDown OR `cc`.`core_publish_down` >= :nowDateDown) GROUP BY `m`.`core_content_id`,`m`.`content_item_id`,`m`.`type_alias`,`ct`.`router`,`cc`.`core_title`,`cc`.`core_alias`,`cc`.`core_catid`,`cc`.`core_language`,`cc`.`core_params` ORDER BY `count` DESC LIMIT 5764μs19.79KBParams/modules/mod_tags_similar/src/Helper/TagsSimilarHelper.php:206Copy
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  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `lb8l6_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `lb8l6_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `lb8l6_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)326μs36.35KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
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